How to Apply Human Resource Management in Several Environments

Introduction:they otherwise contribute to the economy. Many early
The Human Resource Management (HRM) is aneconomic theories refer to it simply as labour, one of
academic theory and a business practice that isthree factors of production, and consider it to be a
connected with the theoretical and practical techniquescommodity -- homogeneous and easily
of managing a staff . its theoretical discipline is basedinterchangeable. Other conceptions of labour are more
primarily on the assumption that employees or thesophisticated
satff are individuals with cahnging goals and needs, andOrigin of concept History
it should not be considered as basic business" The term human capital was first discussed by
resources, such as trucks and filing cabinets. TheArthur Cecil Pigou : "There is such a thing as
workers, takes a positive view Field thinking that allinvestment in human capital as well as investment in
wish to contribute to the enterprise productively, andmaterial capital. So soon as this is recognised, the
that the main obstacles to their endeavors are lack ofdistinction between economy in consumption and
knowledge, insufficient training, and failures of process.economy in investment becomes blurred. For, up to a
The Human Resource Management is considered topoint, consumption is investment in personal productive
be the part of a business or company which recruits,capacity. This is specially important in connection with
develops and utilizes an organization's personnel in thechildren: to reduce unduly expenditure on their
way which would benefit the firm's aims andconsumption may greatly lower their efficiency in
objectives. It creates alignment between anafter-life. Even for adults, after we have descended a
organization's HRM strategy and the core objectivescertain distance along the scale of wealth, so that we
of a business considered as essential.Humanare beyond the region of luxuries and "unnecessary"
Resource Management (HRM) is all about managingcomforts, a check to personal consumption is also a
people, human capital and culture for business success.check to investment (Pigou, 1928, A Study in Public
The human resources management (HRM) functionFinance, Macmillan, London, p. 29).
includes a variety of activities, and key among them isGlobal Presence of Companies
deciding what staffing needs you have and whether toThe global debate is on regarding the fair distribution of
use independent contractors or hire employees to fillhuman capital btween the countries . This points to the
these needs, recruiting and training the best employees,educated individuals, who typically migrate from poorer
ensuring they are high performers, dealing withplaces or developing countires to richer places seeking
performance issues, and ensuring your personnel andopportunity, making 'the rich richer and the poor poorer'.
management practices conform to various regulations.When these workers migrate, generally, their early
Activities also include managing your approach tocare and education is benefited by the country where
employee benefits and compensation, employeethey move to work and live their lives . And, when
records and personnel policies.they have health problems or retire, their care and
The Human Resource Management is seen byretirement pension will typically be paid in the new
practitioners in the field as a more innovative view ofcountry.
workplace management than the traditional approach.Hitsorical HRM from 19th to 20th Centuries :
The techniques force the managers of an enterpriseDuring the late 19th and early 20th centuries,The
to express their goals with specificity so that they canHuman Capital in the United States had became
understand the workforce, and to provide theconsiderably more valuable as the need for skilled
resources needed for them to successfully accomplishlabor came with newfound technological advancement.
their assignments. Thus Human Resource MangementThese New techniques and processes also required
techniques, when properly practiced,seem to befurther education than the normally of primary
expressive of the goals and operating practices of theschooling, which hence led to the creation of more
enterprise overall.formalized schooling across the nation. The early
Nowadays, it has concerned synonyms such asinsight into the need for education allowed for provided
personnel management are often used in a morea Shift to US productivity and economic prosperity,
restricted sense to describe those activities that arewhen compared to other world leaders at the time.
necessary in the recruiting of a workforce, providing itsThe rights and freedom of individuals who travelled for
members with payroll and benefits, by which Satff isthe want of opportunity, despite some historical
adminsitered . These activities require regulatoryexceptions such as the Soviet bloc and its "Iron
knowledge and effort, and enterprises can benefitCurtain", seem to consistently outweigh the rights of
from the recruitment and development of personnelnation-states that nurture and educate themits worth
with these specific skills.mentioning that, the ability to have mobility with regards
Academic theoryto where people want to move and work is a part of
The aims of Human Resource Management is to helptheir human capital. They were able to move from one
an organization or Institution to meet strategic goals byplace to an other .
attracting, and maintaining employees and also toHRM in Several Environments
manage them effectively. The academic theory ofBeing increase in competition, locally or globally,
Human Resource Management is that humans shouldorganizations must become more adaptable, resilient,
not be considered machines.Therefore ,we shouldagile, and customer-focused to succeed. And within
have an interdisciplinary examination of people in thethis change in environment, the HR professional has to
workplace. The Fields such as psychology, industrialevolve to become a strategic partner, an employee
and organizational psychology, sociology, and criticalsponsor or advocate, and a change mentor within the
theories: postmodernism, post-structuralism play aorganization. In order to succeed in this term , HR must
major role. Many colleges and universities offerbe a business driven function with a thorough
bachelor and master degrees in Human Resourcesunderstanding of the organization's big picture and be
Management.able to influence key decisions and policies. The focus
The activities of Human resource managers areof today's HR Manager is on strategic personnel
involved such as interviewing applicants, staff training,retention and talents development. HR professionals
and dealing with laws and regulations withincan be e coaches, counselors, mentors, and
employment.The Human Resource Mangement issuccession planners to help motivate organization's
composed of seven interlinked activities taking placemembers and their loyalty. The HR manager will also
with organizations. The seven major HR managementhave to promote and fight for values, ethics, beliefs,
activities are given Below:and spirituality within their organizations, especially in the
(1) Strategic HR Management,management of workplace diversity as compared to
(2) Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO),the Work Force of various states .
(3) Staffing,Many companies now have realized the advantages
(4) HR Development,of a diverse workplace. As many of them are going
(5) Compensation and Benefits,local in their market expansions either physically or
(6) Health, Safety, & Security, andvirtually (for example, E-commerce-related companies),
(7) Employee & Labor Relations. Within these activitiesthere is a necessity to employ diverse talents to
there are external forces involved such as legal,understand the various niches of the market. If want to
economic, technological, global, environmental, culturaltake the example of China when it was opening up its
geographic, political, and social--which significantlymarkets and exporting their products globally in the late
affect HR activities and how they are designed,1980s, the Chinese companies (such as China's
managed, and changed.electronic giants such as Hair) were seeking the
"Resource Manager" and that is the onlymarketing expertise of Singaporeans. This was due to
change.Empowerment has been noted as an HRMSingapore's marketing talents were able to understand
practice which by critics has been noted more as athe local China markets relatively well (almost 75% of
pseudo-empowerment, based on attitudinal shapingSingaporeans are of Chinese descent) and as well as
"___(Wilkinson 1998).being attuned to the markets in the West due to
"Other such HRM practices have been noted asSingapore's open economic policies and English
hidden within rhetoric, and many examples particularlylanguage abilities. (Toh, R, 1993)
within call centers are much more Orwellian, and hideSimilarly if we take the Example of Microsoft a Global
the reality, through attitudinal shaping "_____(Wilkinsoncompany and No1Software Company has some
1998).values to work in different environments. They are
"Today, unions remain a controversial topic. Under theadaptable to any Culture or norms and rules of the
provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act, the closed-shopCountry because they employ the local Talent there
arrangement states employees (outside thebesides their working capital already they have with.
construction industry) are not required to join a unionThey rely on local Partners as entrepreneurs for their
when they are hired. Union-shop arrangements permitsales and marketing. In this Line
employers to hire non-union workers contingent uponThe Google has done remarkable by establishing sites
their joining the union once they are hired. Theof Various Countries ij their own languages which has
Taft-Hartley Act gives employers the right to file unfairreally helped them to go forward and become the
labor practice complaints against the union and tobiggest advertising company for Web . Billion of ads
express their views concerning unionsshown on site as ad words . But the main thing they
_____(Cherrington, 1995).employ the Local talent for boosting their sales .
The Human Capital : Carmeli, A and Schaubroeck, JYahoo is also an International Company in competition
argue that "having higher levels of human resourceswith Google and Microsoft. But it shares went down
capital was strongly associated with performance onlydue to improper Human Resource and improper
when top managers perceived that these resourcesunderstanding of the Local markets of the Various
provided distinctive value in terms of being highlyCountries .
valuable, inimitable, rare, and nonsubstitutable"Conclusion :
For this reason, motivation of employee is at the heartFinally , If the Human Resource Management Theory
of how innovative and productive things get doneassessed globally , it has really brought revolution in
within work organisation (Bloisi-W, 2003, p.172). Beforeoutsourcing and hiring of the staff . It has really opened
studying the different ways to motivate, we have tothe Vistas of talent and opened the doors of the talent
give a clear definition of the word "motivation".to the Globe . Now opportunities are not limited to the
Bloisi, W argues that "motivation involves a consciousparticular Countries. They HRM has proved vital for
decision to perform one or more activities with greaterthe Biggest Companies such as Sony , Samsung ,
effort that one performs others activities competingMotorola and LG also .They have the same
for attention".phenomena of taking the products menus in the local
Human capital is a way of defining and categorizinglanguages to sell and market their Products through
the skills and abilities as used in employment and asthe Local Human Resource .